Output datasets from Trends.Earth

The spatial data produced by is in GeoTiff format. This is a widely supported format, so these datasets can be used within QGIS as well as within any other GIS software.

If you wish to use data outside of the tool itself, you will need to know how the data is coded. The tables below provide guidance on what the exact layers are that are produced by each analysis in .

To see which of the below layers is contained within a output file, use the load data tool. When you choose a file with that tool, it will show you a list of the layers within that file, as well as the band number for each layer.

Land degradation (SDG 15.3.1)

SDG 15.3.1 Indicator

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
-1	Degradation
0	No change
1	Improvement

Productivity

Productivity trajectory (trend)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Linear trend of annually integrated NDVI, scaled by 10,000

Productivity trajectory (significance)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
-3	Significant decline (p > .99)
-2	Significant decline (p > .95)
-1	Significant decline (p > .90)
0	No significant change
1	Significant increase (p > .90)
2	Significant increase (p > .95)
3	Significant increase (p > .99)

Productivity performance (degradation)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
-1	Degradation
0	No change

Productivity performance (ratio)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
0	Ratio of mean NDVI and maximum productivity. See background on performance.

Productivity performance (units)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	ID number of unit used to calculate performance. See background on performance.

Productivity state (degradation)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Change in productivity state classes between baseline and target period, calculated as the rank in the target period minus the rank in the baseline period. Positive values indicate improvement, negative values indicate decline.

Productivity state classes

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Percentile class for productivity state. See background on productivity state.

Productivity state NDVI mean

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Mean annually integrated NDVI for the baseline period chosen for productivity state, scaled by 10,000. See background on productivity state.

SDG 15.3.1 productivity indicator

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
1	Declining
2	Early signs of decline
3	Stable but stressed
4	Stable
5	Increasing

Land Productivity Dynamics - JRC

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
1	Declining
2	Moderate decline
3	Stressed
4	Stable
5	Increasing

Land cover

Land cover (degradation)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
-1	Degradation
0	No change
1	Improvement

Land cover (7 class)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
1	Tree-covered
2	Grasslands
3	Cropland
4	Wetland
5	Artificial
6	Other land
7	Water body

Land cover (ESA classes)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
10	Cropland, rainfed
11	Herbaceous cover
12	Tree or shrub cover
20	Cropland, irrigated or post‐flooding
30	Mosaic cropland (>50%) / natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<50%)
40	Mosaic natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (>50%) / cropland (<50%)
50	Tree cover, broadleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)
60	Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)
61	Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)
62	Tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, open (15‐40%)
70	Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)
71	Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed (>40%)
72	Tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, open (15‐40%)
80	Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)
81	Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)
82	Tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, open (15‐40%)
90	Tree cover, mixed leaf type (broadleaved and needleleaved)
100	Mosaic tree and shrub (>50%) / herbaceous cover (<50%)
110	Mosaic herbaceous cover (>50%) / tree and shrub (<50%)
120	Shrubland
121	Evergreen shrubland
122	Deciduous shrubland
130	Grassland
140	Lichens and mosses
150	Sparse vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<15%)
151	Sparse tree (<15%)
152	Sparse shrub (<15%)
153	Sparse herbaceous cover (<15%)
160	Tree cover, flooded, fresh or brakish water
170	Tree cover, flooded, saline water
180	Shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brakish water
190	Urban areas
200	Bare areas
201	Consolidated bare areas
202	Unconsolidated bare areas
210	Water bodies
220	Permanent snow and ice

Land cover (transitions)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
1	Tree-covered - Tree-covered (no change)
2	Grassland - Grassland (no change)
3	Cropland - Cropland (no change)
4	Wetland - Wetland (no change)
5	Artificial - Artificial (no change)
6	Other land - Other land (no change)
7	Water body - Water body (no change)
12	Forest - Grassland
13	Forest - Cropland
14	Forest - Wetland
15	Forest - Artificial
16	Forest - Other land
17	Forest - Water body
21	Grassland - Forest
23	Grassland - Cropland
24	Grassland - Wetland
25	Grassland - Artificial
26	Grassland - Other land
27	Grassland - Water body
31	Cropland - Forest
32	Cropland - Grassland
34	Cropland - Wetland
35	Cropland - Artificial
36	Cropland - Other land
37	Cropland - Water body
41	Wetland - Forest
42	Wetland - Grassland
43	Wetland - Cropland
45	Wetland - Artificial
46	Wetland - Other land
47	Wetland - Water body
51	Artificial - Forest
52	Artificial - Grassland
53	Artificial - Cropland
54	Artificial - Wetland
56	Artificial - Other land
57	Artificial - Water body
61	Other land - Forest
62	Other land - Grassland
63	Other land - Cropland
64	Other land - Wetland
65	Other land - Artificial
67	Other land - Water body
71	Water body - Forest
72	Water body - Grassland
73	Water body - Cropland
74	Water body - Wetland
75	Water body - Artificial
76	Water body - Other land

Soil organic carbon

Soil organic carbon (degradation)

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Percentage change in soil organic carbon content (0 - 30 cm depth) from baseline to target year. Positive values indicate increase, negative values indicate decrease.

Soil organic carbon

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Soil organic carbon content (0 - 30 cm depth) in metric tons per hectare

Drought hazard, vulnerability, and exposure

Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)

Value	Meaning
-32768	Meaning
Any other value	Standardized precipitation index, scaled * 1000

Population at maximum drought

As an indicator of population exposure to drought, Trends.Earth’s drought tools produce a layer assessing total population (or male or female population, depending on the selections made by the user) at time of maximum drought. For the purpose of these analyses, drought is defined as an SPI less than -1.0 (a lag 12 SPI is the default used in the tool).

Value	Meaning
-32768	Meaning
Any negative value	A positive value indicates a pixel was exposed to drought (defined as SPI < -1) during a particular (typically four- year) period. The pixel value indicates the population of the pixel at the time of maximum drought.
Any positive value	A positive value indicates a pixel was not exposed to drought during a particular (typically four-year) period. The pixel value indicates the maximum population of the pixel during the period.

Sustainable urbanization (SDG 11.3.1)

Urban

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
1	Urban
2	Suburban
3	Built-up rural
4	Open space (fringe)
5	Open space (captured)
6	Open space (rural)
7	Open space (fringe water)
8	Open space (captured water)
9	Open space (rural water)

Urban series

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
-1	Water
1	Built up by 2000
2	Built up by 2005
3	Built up by 2010
4	Built up by 2015

Population

Population density

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Population density in persons per sq km

Population (total, male, or female)

This output draws on data from the WorldPop project. Depending on the tool used in Trends.Earth, population outputs can be: total population (male and female), total male population, or total female population. The pixels values in each all are coded the same way, and refer to actual population counts per grid cell.

Value	Meaning
-32768	No data
Any other value	Population density in persons per sq km